Increase of continuous treatments and regional citrate anticoagulation during renal replacement therapy in the ICUs of the North-West of Italy from 2007 to 2015.

Background: Few reports have addressed the change in renal replacement therapy (RRT) management in the Intensive care Units (ICUs) over the years in western countries. This study aims to assess the trend of dialytic practice in a 4.5-million population-based study of the northwest of Italy.

PGNMID and anti-CD38 monoclonal antibody: a therapeutic challenge.

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) designates disorders induced by a monoclonal protein secreted by plasma cells or B-cell clones in patients who do not meet the diagnostic criteria for multiple myeloma or other B-cell malignancies. Proliferative glomerulonephritis with monoclonal immunoglobulin deposits (PGNMID) is a form MGRS. Until now, no guidelines to decide the best therapeutic approach to manage PGNMID exist, and most patients progress to End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) without therapy.

[Environmental toxic and direct drug-related renal toxicity. Antibiotics].

Antibiotics are a relatively common cause of acute kidney injury that occurs mainly in patients with underlying risk factors. Adverse reactions from antibiotics can be classified as type A when they are foreseeable, we know the cause and are often dose dependent and type B when they occur in an unpredictable way, are independent of the dose and due to hypersensitivity and / or immunoallergic phenomena. All compartments of the kidney are prone to antibiotic damage which, clinically, results in tubular dysfunction, acute renal failure, nephritic syndrome and chronic renal failure.

Clinical exome sequencing is a powerful tool in the diagnostic flow of monogenic kidney diseases: an Italian experience.

Background: A considerable minority of patients on waiting lists for kidney transplantation either have no diagnosis (and fall into the subset of undiagnosed cases) because kidney biopsy was not performed or histological findings were non-specific, or do not fall into any well-defined clinical category. Some of these patients might be affected by a previously unrecognised monogenic disease.

Methods: Through a multidisciplinary cooperative effort, we built an analytical pipeline to identify patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) with a clinical suspicion of a monogenic condition or without a well-defined diagnosis.