Background: Alcohol-related hospitalizations are rising; however, medications for alcohol use disorder (M-AUD) are underprescribed despite their effectiveness to reduce heavy drinking. In-hospital administration of intramuscular (IM)-naltrexone may reduce negative health outcomes among people with AUD who are unable to take daily MAUD.
Objective: To assess addiction clinicians' perceptions of offering and administering IM-naltrexone and to assess hospitalized patients' perspectives on their alcohol use and acceptance of MAUD.
Human treponemal infections are caused by a family of closely related Treponema pallidum that give rise to the diseases yaws, bejel, pinta and, most famously, syphilis. Debates on both a common origin for these pathogens and the history of syphilis itself has weighed evidence for the "Columbian hypothesis", which argues for an American origin, against that for the "pre-Columbian hypothesis", which argues for presence of the disease in Eurasia in the Medieval period and possibly earlier. While molecular data has provided a genetic basis for distinction of the typed subspecies, deep evolution of the complex has remained unresolved due to limitations in the conclusions that can be drawn from the sparse paleogenomic data currently available.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIntegration of autonomic and metabolic regulation, including hepatic function, is a critical role played by the brain's hypothalamic region. Specifically, the paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus (PVN) regulates autonomic functions related to metabolism, such as hepatic glucose production. Although insulin can act directly on hepatic tissue to inhibit hepatic glucose production, recent evidence implicates that central actions of insulin within PVN also regulate glucose metabolism.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFObjectives: To describe the acute effects of exercise on the morphology, mechanical properties and blood flow of the Achilles tendon, as measured with ultrasound.
Design: Systematic review of cohort studies.
Methods: Seven electronic research databases were systematically searched for exercise intervention-based studies reporting morphology, mechanical properties and blood flow of the Achilles tendon, as measured with ultrasound.
Objective: To develop and evaluate virtual assessment protocols for the Timed-Up-and-Go usual and fast pace, Chair Rise-5 repetition, and the 1-minute Sit-to-Stand tests and examine their feasibility, reliability, and validity.
Design: This was a prospective cohort study, where participants engaged in up to 2 virtual assessments and data were collected prospectively for 1 year.
Setting: Assessments took place in participants' homes in the community.