Computational Fluid Dynamics Turbulence Model and Experimental Study for a Fontan Cavopulmonary Assist Device.

Head-flow HQ curves for a Fontan cavopulmonary assist device (CPAD) were measured using a blood surrogate in a mock circulatory loop and simulated with various computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models. The tests benchmarked the CFD tools for further enhancement of the CPAD design. Recommended Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) CFD approaches for the development of conventional ventricular assist devices (VAD) were found to have shortcomings when applied to the Fontan CPAD, which is designed to neutralize off-condition obstruction risks that could contribute to a major adverse event.

Analysis of 6YO pediatric human body model kinematics and kinetics to determine submarining across naturalistic seating postures.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to analyze the kinematics and kinetics of a naturalistically seated 6-year-old (6YO) pediatric human body model and evaluate the metrics described by earlier studies for pediatric ATDs to indicate whether different postures and booster seats were more associated with submarining than others in a frontal impact.

Methods: The PIPER 6YO pediatric human body model was restrained on a lowback (LBB) and a highback (HBB) booster child restraint seat (CRS) in four naturalistic seating postures: leaning-forward, leaning-inboard, leaning-outboard, and a pre-submarining posture, and a baseline reference seating position as per the FMVSS No. 213 protocol.

Effects of morning and evening exposures to blue light of varying illuminance on ocular growth rates and ocular rhythms in chicks.

Recent evidence indicates that moderate levels of blue light are sufficient to suppress the nighttime rise in serum melatonin in humans, suggesting that luminous screens may be deleterious to sleep cycles and to other functions. Little is known however, about the effects of exposures to blue light on ocular physiology. We tested the effects of transient blue light exposures of various illuminances on ocular growth rates and ocular rhythms in chicks.

Undescribed C-Glycosylflavones from Corn Silk and Potential Anti-inflammatory Activity Evaluation of Isolates.

Phytochemical investigation of corn silk resulted in isolation and characterization of four flavone C-glycosides, chrysoeriol 6---oliopyranosyl-7---D-glucopyranoside (1: ), 3'-methoxycassiaoccidentalin A (2: ), chrysoeriol 6---boivinopyranosyl-7---D-glucopyranoside (3: ), and ax-4″-OH-3'-methoxymaysin (4: ), a triterpenoid, friedelin (5: ), two sterols, (22)-5,8-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3-ol (6: ) and 6-hydroxystigmasta-4,22-diene-3-one (7: ), and a mixture of -sitosterol and stigmasterol. Compounds 1: and 2: were previously undescribed. Structure elucidation of the isolated compounds was attained using spectral data including 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS.

In-depth analysis of crash contributing factors and potential ADAS interventions among at-risk drivers using the SHRP 2 naturalistic driving study.

Objective: Motor vehicle crashes remain a significant problem. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) have the potential to reduce crash incidence and severity, but their optimization requires a comprehensive understanding of driver-specific errors and environmental hazards in real-world crash scenarios. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to quantify contributing factors using the Strategic Highway Research Program 2 (SHRP 2) Naturalistic Driving Study (NDS), identify potential ADAS interventions, and make suggestions to optimize ADAS for real-world crash scenarios.