Deciphering the Molecular Mechanisms of HAART-Induced Hepatotoxicity.

Highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), consisting of three or more antiretroviral drugs, is recommended for patients with HIV infection. HAART effectively reduces HIV RNA levels, lowers the risk of opportunistic infections, and improves immune function and survival rates. However, it is also associated with an increased risk of liver injury in HIV-infected individuals.

Is Depression Dialyzable?

Depression is a common and debilitating comorbidity in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly those with end-stage kidney disease (ESKD, CKD stage 5). This association stems from a complex interplay of biological and psychosocial factors, including the accumulation of uraemic toxins such as middle molecules, chronic inflammation, and the psychological burden of disease progression. Initiation of dialysis has been observed to alleviate depressive symptoms through multiple mechanisms: removal of uraemic toxins, improvement in physical health, and reduction in psychosocial stressors.

Artificial Intelligence in Uveitis: Innovations in Diagnosis and Therapeutic Strategies.

In the dynamic field of ophthalmology, artificial intelligence (AI) is emerging as a transformative tool in managing complex conditions like uveitis. Characterized by diverse inflammatory responses, uveitis presents significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. This systematic review explores the role of AI in advancing diagnostic precision, optimizing therapeutic approaches, and improving patient outcomes in uveitis care.

Imaging in Zinner Syndrome, A Case Series: The Wolf in Sheep's Clothing.

Zinner syndrome is a rare congenital malformation of the Wolffian duct with seminal vesicle cyst, ipsilateral renal agenesis and ejaculatory duct obstruction, seen in less than 0.002 % of the male population. An increased awareness among clinicians, urologists, and radiologists is essential, as early diagnosis and management can impact fertility outcomes.