Synergistic action of human RNaseH2 and the RNA helicase-nuclease DDX3X in processing R-loops.

R-loops are three-stranded RNA-DNA hybrid structures that play important regulatory roles, but excessive or deregulated R-loops formation can trigger DNA damage and genome instability. Digestion of R-loops is mainly relying on the action of two specialized ribonucleases: RNaseH1 and RNaseH2. RNaseH2 is the main enzyme carrying out the removal of misincorporated rNMPs during DNA replication or repair, through the Ribonucleotide Excision Repair (RER) pathway.

Obesogenic High-Fat Diet and MYC Cooperate to Promote Lactate Accumulation and Tumor Microenvironment Remodeling in Prostate Cancer.

Unlabelled: Cancer cells exhibit metabolic plasticity to meet oncogene-driven dependencies while coping with nutrient availability. A better understanding of how systemic metabolism impacts the accumulation of metabolites that reprogram the tumor microenvironment (TME) and drive cancer could facilitate development of precision nutrition approaches. Using the Hi-MYC prostate cancer mouse model, we demonstrated that an obesogenic high-fat diet (HFD) rich in saturated fats accelerates the development of c-MYC-driven invasive prostate cancer through metabolic rewiring.

Homozygous substitution of threonine 191 by proline in polymerase η causes Xeroderma pigmentosum variant.

DNA polymerase eta (Polη) is the only translesion synthesis polymerase capable of error-free bypass of UV-induced cyclobutane pyrimidine dimers. A deficiency in Polη function is associated with the human disease Xeroderma pigmentosum variant (XPV). We hereby report the case of a 60-year-old woman known for XPV and carrying a Polη Thr191Pro variant in homozygosity.

Sex specific regulation of TSPY-Like 2 in the DNA damage response of cancer cells.

Females have a lower probability to develop somatic cancers and a better response to chemotherapy than males. However, the reasons for these differences are still not well understood. The X-linked gene TSPY-Like 2 (TSPYL2) encodes for a putative tumor suppressor protein involved in cell cycle regulation and DNA damage response (DDR) pathways.