Directed Evolution's Selective Use of Quantum Tunneling in Designed Enzymes─A Combined Theoretical and Experimental Study.

Natural enzymes are powerful catalysts, reducing the apparent activation energy for reactions and enabling chemistry to proceed as much as 10 times faster than the corresponding solution reaction. It has been suggested for some time that, in some cases, quantum tunneling can contribute to this rate enhancement by offering pathways through a barrier inaccessible to activated events. A central question of interest to both physical chemists and biochemists is the extent to which evolution introduces mechanisms below the barrier, or tunneling mechanisms.

Historical redlining and survival among children, adolescents, and young adults with cancer diagnosed between 2000-2019 in Seattle and Tacoma, Washington.

Background: Historical redlining has been associated with inferior survival in adult-onset cancers. However, its relationship with pediatric, adolescent, and young-adult-onset cancer outcomes is unknown.

Methods: This study identified incident cancer among individuals <40 years of age living in Seattle and Tacoma between 2000-2019 via the population-based Cancer Surveillance System.

The 2022 ADEA Climate Study in U.S. and Canadian Dental Schools and Allied Dental Programs: Methodological Considerations.

Objectives: From January 2020 to the end of August 2020, preliminary research gathered data about the need for and the feasibility of an ADEA-led joint Climate Study of dental schools and allied dental programs in the United States and Canada. Informed by these findings, the first ever ADEA-led joint Climate Study took place in 2022. The objectives of this manuscript were to describe the timeline of this climate study and provide information about its methodology, specifically about (a) who participated in this research, (b) what was assessed, (c) how the study was conducted, and (d) how the results were communicated.

Investigation of a Novel Noninvasive Risk Analytics Algorithm With Laboratory Central Venous Oxygen Saturation Measurements in Critically Ill Pediatric Patients.

Background: Accurate assessment of oxygen delivery relative to oxygen demand is crucial in the care of a critically ill patient. The central venous oxygen saturation (Svo) enables an estimate of cardiac output yet obtaining these clinical data requires invasive procedures and repeated blood sampling. Interpretation remains subjective and vulnerable to error.

Aging towards walkable futures: insights from a multidisciplinary workshop held in Barcelona, Spain.

Background: The aging of the world's population and the increase in sedentary lifestyles are leading to an increase in walking impairments at older ages. Here, we aimed to comprehensively discuss walking in the context of an aging population; and identify and agree on a list of future research priorities and policy actions.

Methods: We followed a participatory approach and held a multidisciplinary two-day workshop on October, 2023 in Barcelona, Spain, with experts in the fields of aging and walking, and participants from the general public.