Nonhuman primate antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2.

Virus neutralization profiles against primary infection sera and corresponding antigenic cartography are integral part of the COVID-19 and influenza vaccine strain selection processes. Human single variant exposure sera have previously defined the antigenic relationships among SARS-CoV-2 variants but are now largely unavailable due to widespread population immunity. Therefore, antigenic characterization of future SARS-CoV-2 variants will require an animal model, analogous to using ferrets for influenza virus.

Trial to compare mixed-use (multi-use and single-use) intermittent catheter management with single-use management over 12 months (The MultICath Trial): protocol for a non-inferiority randomised controlled trial.

Introduction: Evaluating the safety and acceptability of reusing catheters for intermittent catheterisation (IC) is one of the top 10 continence research priorities identified by the UK James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership in 2008. There are an estimated 50 000 IC users in England and this number is rising. Globally, both single-use catheters (thrown away after use) and multi-use/reusable ones (cleaned between uses) are used.

A vaccine antigen central in influenza A(H5) virus antigenic space confers subtype-wide immunity.

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5) viruses globally impact wild and domestic birds, and mammals, including humans, underscoring their pandemic potential. The antigenic evolution of the A(H5) hemagglutinin (HA) poses challenges for pandemic preparedness and vaccine design. Here, the global antigenic evolution of the A(H5) HA was captured in a high-resolution antigenic map.

Development of disinfectant tolerance in Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Background: Disinfectants are a critical infection control measure that are relied upon globally in a range of settings including healthcare, food production, and domestic environments. However, bacteria have been shown to survive disinfectant treatments when harboured in dry surface biofilms or when disinfectants are used ineffectively. This provides an opportunity for organisms to develop low-level tolerance to various disinfectants.