Characteristics of primary infection of a European human immunodeficiency virus type 1 clade B isolate in chimpanzees.

The aim of the study was to select, from a panel of candidate European human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) clade B primary virus isolates, one isolate based on replication properties in chimpanzee peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Secondly, to evaluate the in vivo kinetics of primary infection of the selected isolate at two different doses in two mature, outbred chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Four different low passage, human PBMC-cultured 'primary' HIV-1 isolates with European clade B consensus sequence were compared for their ability to replicate in vitro in chimpanzee versus human PBMC.

Cytotoxic T cells and neutralizing antibodies induced in rhesus monkeys by virus-like particle HIV vaccines in the absence of protection from SHIV infection.

HIV Pr55gag has in the absence of other viral components the capacity to self assemble in budding noninfectious virus-like particles (VLP). The immunological spectrum of the HIV-1IIIB gag-derived VLP was expanded either by stable anchoring of chimeric modified gp 120 on the surface of the VLP (type 1) or by replacing sequences of the Pr55gag precursor by the V3 loop and a linear portion of the CD4 binding domain (type 2). This noninfectious antigen delivery system was evaluated for immunogenicity and efficacy in rhesus macaques without adjuvants.

A protective monoclonal anti-idiotypic vaccine to lethal Semliki Forest virus infection in BALB/c mice.

Two monoclonal anti-idiotypic antibodies (ab2 MAbs), designated 1.13A112 (immunoglobulin G type 2a [IgG2a]) and 1.13A321 (IgG1), were prepared against Semliki Forest virus (SFV)-neutralizing ab1 MAb UM 1.