Imaging Reactive Oxygen Radicals in Excised Mouse Lung Trapped by Reaction with Hydroxylamine Probes Using 1 GHz Rapid Scan Electron Paramagnetic Resonance.

Purpose: Oxidative stress is proposed to be critical in acute lung disease, but methods to monitor radicals in lungs are lacking. Our goal is to develop low-frequency electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) methods to monitor radicals that contribute to the disease.

Procedures: Free radicals generated in a lipopolysaccharide-induced mouse model of acute respiratory distress syndrome reacted with cyclic hydroxylamines CPH (1-hydroxy-3-carboxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine hydrochloride) and DCP-AM-H (4-acetoxymethoxycarbonyl-1-hydroxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-3-carboxylic acid), which were converted into the corresponding nitroxide radicals, CP• and DCP•.

Pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics and safety of inhaled albuterol enantiomers in healthy volunteers.

The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of inhaled albuterol given as single or multiple doses of racemate (RS-) or single enantiomers (R-, S-) were determined. In an open-label, three-way crossover, parallel-dose study, 1.25 and 5 mg of (R)- and (S)-albuterol and 2.

Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cumulative single doses of inhaled salbutamol enantiomers in asthmatic subjects.

Objectives of this study were to compare the pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and safety of single cumulative doses of active (R)-salbutamol given either as the single enantiomer or racemic mixture by inhalation to subjects with mild to moderate asthma. This was a double-blind, crossover, cumulative-dose, randomized study where all subjects received either four doses of 1.25 mg of (R)-salbutamol or 2.

The safety and efficacy of nebulized levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol and placebo in the treatment of asthma in pediatric patients.

Background: Limited dose-response information is available for nebulized beta2 -agonists, especially in young children.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the safety and efficacy of increasing doses of nebulized levalbuterol (Xopenex; the pure R-isomer of racemic albuterol) and racemic albuterol compared with placebo in the treatment of asthma in pediatric patients.

Methods: In this randomized, double-blind, crossover study, children (aged 3 to 11 years) with asthma (resting FEV1 50% to 80% of predicted normal [Polgar's] values) were treated with either levalbuterol, racemic albuterol, or placebo.

Improved bronchodilation with levalbuterol compared with racemic albuterol in patients with asthma.

Background: Racemic albuterol is an equal mixture of (R)-albuterol (levalbuterol), which is responsible for the bronchodilator effect, and (S)-albuterol, which provides no benefit and may be detrimental.

Objective: We sought to compare 2 doses of a single enantiomer, levalbuterol (0.63 mg and 1.