Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Progranulin is a secreted pro-protein that is necessary for maintaining lysosomal function and exerts anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic effects in the brain. Loss-of-function GRN mutations, most of which cause progranulin haploinsufficiency, are a major autosomal dominant cause of frontotemporal dementia (FTD). Other GRN variants are associated with risk for FTD, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease.

Basic Science and Pathogenesis.

Background: TDP-43 is a multifunctional heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein and is the major pathological protein in motor neuron disease. Previously, TDP-43 pathology has been described in up to 50% of those with Alzheimer's disease. Recent evaluation of this cohort revealed a distinct pathological staging of TDP-43 proteinopathy in an aged population, called Limbic predominant age-related TDP-43 encephalopathy (LATE).

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is characterized by progressive impairment of cognition and memory, including the loss of episodic memory. The use of non-invasive brain stimulation therapies to modulate memory encoding processes is a promising avenue for potential treatment. Previous studies have shown that the use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS) applied to lateral parietal cortex can improve memory in older adults who have received a diagnosis of Mild Cognitive Impairment.

Clinical Manifestations.

Background: Mild cognitive function (MCI) is associated with a declined short-term memory (STM). This study compared STM between adults with MCI and normal cognition assessed by verbal memory vs visuospatial memory.

Methods: Sixteen subjects with MCI and 11 subjects with normal cognition gave their written consent to participate in the study which was approved by the North Texas Regional IRB.

Effects of sex on imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis for ischaemic stroke with unknown onset time: a pooled analysis of clinical trials.

Introduction: The effects of imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis on outcomes based on patient sex remain unclear. We aimed to investigate whether outcomes among patients with stroke with an unknown onset time and treated with imaging-based intravenous thrombolysis are influenced by their sex.

Patients And Methods: This study was a pooled analysis of individual patient-level data acquired from the Evaluation of unknown Onset Stroke thrombolysis trials.