Sustainability of Enzymatic Monomer Synthesis: Evaluation via Comparison of Petrochemical and Enzymatic Alkene Epoxidation by Life Cycle Assessment.

Life cycle assessment (LCA) was used, next to green chemistry concepts, to compare the full environmental impacts of the epoxidation of a bio-based monomer, which can be used for the synthesis of vitrimers. On a laboratory scale, the synthesis of the monomer can either be done via a petrochemical route or via an enzymatic reaction pathway. Both reaction pathways were initially optimized to minimize the impact of suboptimal routes on the sustainability evaluation.

Exclusion of Superinfection or Enhancement of Superinfection in Pestiviruses-APPV Infection Is Not Dependent on ADAM17.

Some viruses can suppress superinfections of their host cells by related or different virus species. The phenomenon of superinfection exclusion can be caused by inhibiting virus attachment, receptor binding and entry, by replication interference, or competition for host cell resources. Blocking attachment and entry not only prevents unproductive double infections but also stops newly produced virions from re-entering the cell post-exocytosis.

A Collaborative and Scalable Geospatial Data Set for Arctic Retrogressive Thaw Slumps with Data Standards.

Arctic permafrost is undergoing rapid changes due to climate warming in high latitudes. Retrogressive thaw slumps (RTS) are one of the most abrupt and impactful thermal-denudation events that change Arctic landscapes and accelerate carbon feedbacks. Their spatial distribution remains poorly characterised due to time-intensive conventional mapping methods.

Essential role of -encoded mature NS3 in the genome packaging of classical swine fever virus.

Unlabelled: Classical swine fever virus (CSFV) is a member of the genus within the family . The enveloped particles contain a plus-stranded RNA genome encoding a single large polyprotein. The processing of this polyprotein undergoes dynamic changes throughout the infection cycle.

Paratuberculosis in South American camelids: two independent cases in alpacas in Germany.

Background: Paratuberculosis, caused by Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP), is a chronic granulomatous enteritis that affects domestic and wild ruminants and camelids. The disease has rarely been reported in alpacas in Germany. This publication describes epidemiologically independent cases of paratuberculosis in two alpacas in Germany.