Non-random mating behaviour between diverging littoral and pelagic three-spined sticklebacks in an invasive population from Upper Lake Constance.

Adaptive divergence and increased genetic differentiation among populations can lead to reproductive isolation. In Lake Constance, Germany, a population of invasive three-spined stickleback () is currently diverging into littoral and pelagic ecotypes, which both nest in the littoral zone. We hypothesized that assortative mating behaviour contributes to reproductive isolation between these ecotypes and performed a behavioural experiment in which females could choose between two nest-guarding males.

Maximum Likelihood Estimation for Unrooted 3-Leaf Trees: An Analytic Solution for the CFN Model.

Maximum likelihood estimation is among the most widely-used methods for inferring phylogenetic trees from sequence data. This paper solves the problem of computing solutions to the maximum likelihood problem for 3-leaf trees under the 2-state symmetric mutation model (CFN model). Our main result is a closed-form solution to the maximum likelihood problem for unrooted 3-leaf trees, given generic data; this result characterizes all of the ways that a maximum likelihood estimate can fail to exist for generic data and provides theoretical validation for predictions made in Parks and Goldman (Syst Biol 63(5):798-811, 2014).

Inland freshwater aquaculture in a warming world.

Climate change potentially threatens the sustainable production of highly valued cold-water fish species in flow-through systems, such as salmonids. By analysing the relationship of water temperature to hydrological characteristics, air temperature, solar exposure, and precipitation, this study predicted temperature dynamics of five temperate cold-water aquaculture facilities under four projected climate change scenarios. Air temperature was found to be directly associated with facility site water temperature, and based on rational assumptions, two of the five facilities were predicted to face critical warming by mid-century.

Lactococcus garviae in Lumbar Spondylodiscitis With Spinal Epidural Abscess Causing Paraparesis: A Case Report.

Spinal epidural abscess (SEA) can lead to a subacute onset of neurological deficits of the extremities and is commonly accompanied by spondylodiscitis if located anterior to the dura. is a fish pathogen that is occasionally found in poultry, cattle, and swine. It is a rare cause of infection in humans.

Genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity drive troglomorphic character development in European cavefish.

The Aach cave loach (Barbatula barbatula), a recently discovered member of the Nemacheilidae family, offers a unique opportunity to understand the mechanisms underlying evolutionary change. In a common garden experiment, we reared groups of laboratory-bred cave, surface, and hybrid loach under different light conditions. Troglomorphic characters varied significantly among the fish, influenced to a different extent by parental origin and light conditions.