School Challenges and Services Related to Executive Functioning for Fully Included Middle Schoolers with Autism.

The educational services available for fully included middle schoolers with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in the general education setting are not well known. Even less is known about how the executive functioning (EF) deficits of such youth are addressed in the classroom. The current study sought to identify the challenges, including EF, that middle schoolers with ASD face and the services that they receive on their Individualized Education Program (IEP), and also explore specific strategies used to build EF skills at school.

Improving academic performance through a school-based intervention targeting academic executive functions - a pilot study.

Background: Academic challenges such as losing/not turning in assignments, misplacing materials, and inefficient studying are common in middle-school students with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) without intellectual disability. Deficits in organization, planning, prioritizing, memory/materials management, and studying skills [i.e.

Maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia contextualizes the relation between maternal anxiety and overprotective parenting.

This current study examined maternal characteristics that predict the use of overprotective parenting in mothers of toddlers. Maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) reactivity was tested as a moderator of the relation between maternal anxiety and overprotective parentig. Mothers ( = 151) and their 2-year-old toddlers participated in a laboratory visit and returned for a follow-up visit 1 year later.

Transactional relations between maternal anxiety and toddler anxiety risk through toddler-solicited comforting behavior.

Introduction: Transactional developmental and anxiety theories suggest that mothers and toddlers may influence each other's anxiety development across early childhood. Further, toddlers' successful solicitations of comfort during uncertain, yet manageable, situations, may be a behavioral mechanism by which mothers and toddlers impact each other over time. To test these ideas, the current study employed a longitudinal design to investigate bidirectional relations between maternal anxiety and toddler anxiety risk (observed inhibited temperament and mother-perceived anxiety, analyzed separately), through the mediating role of toddler-solicited maternal comforting behavior, across toddlerhood.

A quantitative analysis of pressure and shear in the effectiveness of support surfaces.

Purpose: We compared pressure and shear among 3 support surfaces in a controlled laboratory setting.

Methods: In this comparative study, interface pressure and shear were measured in 11 healthy subjects with use of 3 different Medicare-approved, group 2 therapeutic support surfaces. Each surface was placed on 1 of 3 identical platforms, allowing for a fixed, 45-degree head-of-bed (HOB) elevation.