Geological Net Zero and the need for disaggregated accounting for carbon sinks.

Achieving net zero global emissions of carbon dioxide (CO), with declining emissions of other greenhouse gases, is widely expected to halt global warming. CO emissions will continue to drive warming until fully balanced by active anthropogenic CO removals. For practical reasons, however, many greenhouse gas accounting systems allow some "passive" CO uptake, such as enhanced vegetation growth due to CO fertilisation, to be included as removals in the definition of net anthropogenic emissions.

Fourteen years of pancreatic surgery for malignancy among ACS-NSQIP centers: Trends in major morbidity and mortality.

Background: The American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program was established to help participating hospitals track and report surgical complications with the goal of improving surgical care. We sought to determine whether this has led to improvements in surgical outcomes for pancreatic malignancies.

Methods: Patients with pancreatic malignancies who underwent surgical resection were identified from the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database (2006-2019).

Improving Surgical Informed Consent: Unanswered Questions.

Objective: This study reviews randomized clinical trials that have attempted to improve the process of informed consent. Consent should be guided by the ethical imperatives of autonomy, beneficence, and social justice.

Summary Background: Informed consent is constantly evolving.

Let's Be Reasonable: Surgical Informed Consent in the COVID-19 Era.

Mini-Abstract Our perspective on informed consent is that expanding the duty to disclose novel uncertainties (eg, the covid-19 pandemic) stretches the doctrine to almost limitless proportions. Instead, we argue for a more conventional view in which the informed consent process should remain focused on the proposed operation and its ramifications.

Informed Consent for Academic Surgeons: A Curriculum-Based Update.

Introduction: The principles of consent are evolving but remain an important part of the surgeon-patient relationship. The goal of this course was a concise, contemporary review of the principles of informed consent that would be favorably received by academic surgeons.

Methods: The curriculum consisted of ethicohistorical and legal principles, current requirements, and new consent developments.