Endocytosis blocks the vesicular secretion of exosome marker proteins.

Exosomes are secreted vesicles of ~30 to 150 nm diameter that play important roles in human health and disease. To better understand how cells release these vesicles, we examined the biogenesis of the most highly enriched human exosome marker proteins, the exosomal tetraspanins CD81, CD9, and CD63. We show here that endocytosis inhibits their vesicular secretion and, in the case of CD9 and CD81, triggers their destruction.

Overlap chronic GVHD is associated with adverse survival outcomes compared to classic chronic GVHD.

Chronic graft-versus-host-disease (cGVHD) is divided into two subtypes: classic (absence of acute GVHD features) and overlap cGVHD ('ocGVHD'), in which both chronic and acute GVHD clinical features are present simultaneously. While worse outcomes with ocGVHD have been reported, there are few recent analyses. We performed a secondary analysis of data from the ABA2 trial (N = 185), in which detailed GVHD data were collected prospectively and systematically adjudicated.

Images: Atypical presentation of congenital central hypoventilation syndrome in an infant with central and obstructive sleep apnea.

Unlabelled: Congenital central hypoventilation syndrome (CCHS), a rare disease caused by paired-like homeobox 2B variants, affects control of breathing. We report on a 21-month-old boy with CCHS caused by a novel nonpolyalanine repeat mutation, neuroblastoma, severe obstructive and central sleep apnea, and sleep-related hypoxemia without hypoventilation. At 10 months, due to persistent central sleep apnea during serial polysomnography, bilevel positive airway pressure therapy was initiated despite the absence of hypoventilation.