Chronic nonspecific multiple-sites pain [CNMSP] of unknown etiology: Biopsychosocial method of evaluation for the primary care level.

Background: Understanding and dealing with chronic nonspecific pain (CNP) is the important entity at primary care hospital. Chronic nonspecific multiple-site pain [CNMSP] of unknown etiology creates diagnostic and therapeutic challenges for primary care physicians due to lack of guidance regarding evaluation and treatment.

Aims And Objectives: To classify and formulate the evaluation, treatment strategies, and prediction of prognosis of patients with CNMSP of unknown etiology.

Endogenous defense mechanism-based neuroprotection in large-vessel acute ischemic stroke: A hope for future.

Background: Stroke is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide and a leading cause of disability. None of the neuroprotective agents have been approved internationally except edaravone in Japanese guidelines in acute ischemic stroke. We here discuss that there are two types of endogenous defense mechanisms (EDMs) after acute stroke for neuromodulation and neuroregeneration, and if both can be activated simultaneously, then we can have better recovery in stroke.

Isolation of measles virus from clinical specimens using B95a and Vero/hSLAM cell-lines.

The clinical presentation of acute measles is normally quite typical, especially in the presence of Koplik's spots, that laboratory test is seldom required to confirm the diagnosis. However, with wide measles vaccination coverage and the extensive use of immunosuppressive chemotherapy, the diagnosis of atypical manifestations of acute measles may require laboratory confirmation. When compared with B95a cell-line, this study shows that the Vero/hSLAM cell-line is sensitive and is recommended for use in the primary isolation of wild-type measles virus from clinical specimens.