Low doses of caffeine reduce heart rate during submaximal cycle ergometry.

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the cardiovascular effects of two low-levels of caffeine ingestion in non habitual caffeine users at various submaximal and maximal exercise intensities.

Methods: Nine male subjects (19-25 yr; 83.3 +/- 3.

The effectiveness of personal training on changing attitudes towards physical activity.

More and more people seeking the expertise of personal trainers in recent years. With very few previous efforts evaluating the effectiveness of the personal training experience in the scientific literature, this study utilized movement in the Stages of the Transtheoretical Model (STM) to determine the efficacy of personal training. One hundred twenty nine volunteer participants (clients) (age range: 20 " 65 years old) were assigned a university senior personal trainer for a10-week program.

Effect of exercise-induced arterial O2 desaturation on VO2max in women.

Purpose: We have recently reported that many healthy habitually active women experience exercise induced arterial hypoxemia (EIAH). We questioned whether EIAH affected VO2max in this population and whether the effect was similar to that reported in men.

Methods: Twenty-five healthy young women with widely varying fitness levels (VO2max, 56.

Role of expiratory flow limitation in determining lung volumes and ventilation during exercise.

We determined the role of expiratory flow limitation (EFL) on the ventilatory response to heavy exercise in six trained male cyclists [maximal O2 uptake = 65 +/- 8 (range 55-74) ml. kg-1. min-1] with normal lung function.

Effects of prior exercise on exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia in young women.

Twenty-eight healthy women (ages 27.2 +/- 6.4 yr) with widely varying fitness levels [maximal O2 consumption (VO2 max), 31-70 ml .