Case report: Efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors for high tumour mutational burden malignant phyllodes tumours of the breast as revealed by comprehensive genomic profiling.

High tumour mutational burden (TMB-high), identified through comprehensive genomic profiling (CGP), is a biomarker that predicts the efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors. CGP testing is recommended for rare cancers with limited effective treatment options. Here, we provide the first report of a malignant phyllodes tumour of the breast demonstrating TMB-high status and effective treatment with pembrolizumab.

Divergent roles of 25-hydroxyvitamin D and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D in neural fate determination: A CYP27B1-dependent neuron formation and VDR-dependent astrocyte development.

Vitamin D plays a crucial role in neural differentiation, yet its precise mechanisms remain unclear. In this study, we investigated the effects of vitamin D metabolites, 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25D) and 1α,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1α,25D), on neural differentiation using Cyp27b1 and Vdr knockout mice-derived neural stem cells. We found that 1α,25D promotes neuronal differentiation via vitamin D receptor (VDR), whereas some of its effects occur independently of VDR.

Subdural hygroma due to traumatic rupture of a middle cranial fossa arachnoid cyst that has transformed into a chronic subdural hematoma after burr hole operation: A case report.

Background: Middle cranial fossa arachnoid cysts (MFACs) cause subdural hygromas due to head trauma or spontaneous rupture. We report the case of a patient who has performed burr hole surgery for subdural hygroma and chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) caused by the rupture of an arachnoid cyst.

Case Description: A 30-year-old man fell off a motorbike and hit his head.

Locations of metastases in and oncological outcomes of patients with metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer: Real-world data from a multicenter study.

Background: Androgen receptor-signaling inhibitors (ARSIs) have significantly changed the preferred treatments for metastatic castration-sensitive prostate cancer (mCSPC). Despite such advances, the prognostic significance of metastases at specific sites remains unclear. This study evaluated how metastatic site affected the oncological outcomes of mCSPC patients.

Mechanical Thrombectomy for Medium-Vessel Occlusion with a Right-Sided Aortic Arch: A Case Report.

Objective: A right-sided aortic arch is a rare vascular anomaly, and neuroendovascular therapy through the right-sided aortic arch is extremely rare. Herein, we report the case of a patient with a right-sided aortic arch who performed a mechanical thrombectomy for medium-vessel occlusion.

Case Presentation: An 84-year-old woman could not respond to her family during a conversation at 8:50 am.