Infiltrating lipid-rich macrophage subpopulations identified as a regulator of increasing prostate size in human benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Introduction: Macrophages exhibit marked phenotypic heterogeneity within and across disease states, with lipid metabolic reprogramming contributing to macrophage activation and heterogeneity. Chronic inflammation has been observed in human benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) tissues, however macrophage activation states and their contributions to this hyperplastic disease have not been defined. We postulated that a shift in macrophage phenotypes with increasing prostate size could involve metabolic alterations resulting in prostatic epithelial or stromal hyperplasia.

A novel, dominant disease mechanism of distal renal tubular acidosis with specific variants in ATP6V1B1.

Background And Hypothesis: ATP6V1B1 encodes a subunit of the vacuolar H+-ATPase and pathogenic variants are associated with autosomal recessive distal renal tubular acidosis (dRTA) with deafness. Heterozygous variants predicted to affect a specific amino acid, Arg394, have been recurrently reported in dRTA but their significance has been unclear. We hypothesised that these variants are associated with a dominant disease mechanism.

Exploring the adoption of diaphragm and lung ultrasound (DLUS) by physiotherapists, physical therapists, and respiratory therapists: an updated scoping review.

Background: The adoption of diaphragm and lung ultrasound (DLUS) by physiotherapists, physical therapists, and respiratory therapists ("therapists") to examine and assess the diaphragm and lungs continues to grow. The aim of this updated scoping review is to re-explore and re-collate the evidence around the adoption of DLUS by therapists.

Methods: This scoping review followed the PRISMA-ScR guidelines.

Immune cell single-cell RNA sequencing analyses link an age-associated T cell subset to symptomatic benign prostatic hyperplasia.

Benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) is among the most common age-associated diseases in men; however, the contribution of age-related changes in immune cells to BPH is not clear. The current study determined that an age-associated CD8 T cell subset (Taa) with high Granzyme K ( ) and low Granzyme B ( ) gene expression infiltrate aged human prostates and positively correlate with International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS). A velocity analysis indicated that CD8 T cell differentiation is altered in large BPH prostates compared to small age-matched prostates, favoring Taa accumulation.

Associations between mental illness, TB risk and migrant status.

Background: TB and mental illnesses are public health priorities that often co-exist, with migrants in high-income countries being at risk for both conditions. This study investigates whether mental illness influences TB risk and examines the impact of migration status.

Methods: A nationwide prospective cohort study was conducted in Denmark from 1994-2015, involving migrants matched 1:6 to Danish-born individuals.