Effects of induced aniseikonia on binocular visual acuity.

Clinical Relevance: Binocular visual acuity is an important index of functional performance. Optometrists need to know how binocular visual acuity is affected by aniseikonia, and whether reduced binocular visual acuity is a marker for aniseikonia.

Background: Aniseikonia, the perception of unequal image sizes between the eyes, can occur spontaneously or can be induced after different types of eye surgery, or trauma.

An audit of mammographic screen detected lesions of uncertain malignant potential (B3) diagnosed on initial image guided needle biopsy: how has our practice changed over 10 years?

Aim: To review all cases of B3 lesion diagnosed at initial image-guided needle biopsy over two 5-year cohorts to identify upgrade rates to malignancy and the effect of changing guidance on the management of such lesions.

Materials And Methods: Data was collected retrospectively. Mammographic features, biopsy type and management were recorded for each lesion.

Can digital breast tomosynthesis accurately predict whether circumscribed masses are benign or malignant in a screening population?

Aim: To evaluate whether digital breast tomosynthesis (DBT) can predict if circumscribed masses are benign or malignant by assessing margin sharpness.

Materials And Methods: Circumscribed masses were evaluated on co-registered two-dimensional digital mammography (2DDM) and DBT. Lesions were categorised as follows: category 1=visible sharp border 0-25% of the total margin; category 2 = 26-50% category 3= 51-75%, and category 4=76-100%.

Antibody engineering to improve manufacturability.

Expression variation among antibodies produced by stably transfected Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cells is well established. While developing CHO-K1 cell lines, we encountered a human monoclonal antibody, mAb B-c, with severe manufacturability issues, including very poor expression and high levels of heavy chain (HC) dimer and high molecular weight aggregates. Using transient expression in CHO-K1 cells, we identified light chain (LC) as the source of the manufacturability issues for this antibody.

Biomimetic electrospun coatings increase the in vivo sensitivity of implantable glucose biosensors.

In vivo tissue responses and functional efficacy of electrospun membranes based on polyurethane (PU) and gelatin (GE) as biomimetic coatings for implantable glucose biosensors was investigated in a rat subcutaneous implantation model. Three electrospun membranes with optimized fiber diameters, pore sizes, and permeability, both single PU and coaxial PU-GE fibers and a solvent cast PU film were implanted in rats to evaluate tissue responses. For functional efficacy testing, four sensor variants coated with the above mentioned electrospun membranes as mass-transport limiting and outermost biomimetic coatings were implanted in rats.