Typology of conflict of commitment (COC) in the era of inappropriate foreign influence in research.

Conflicts, in the form of conflicts of interest and conflicts of commitment, have become increasingly prominent discussion points for US federal funding agencies and academic research institutions in the era of inappropriate foreign influence in research. Conflict of interest, specifically financial conflict of interest, is precisely defined within U.S.

Evaluating IACUCs: Previous Research and Future Directions.

IACUCs serve a critical role in animal care and use programs, ensuring that institutions which use animals in research and teaching do so responsibly and humanely. This role is defined in part by federal regulations, policies, and guidelines that prescribe the establishment and function of these committees. Often, IACUC administrators are expected to evaluate IACUC performance to ensure that committees execute these functions effectively, and in a manner that is suitable to the institution.

Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee Postapproval Monitoring Programs: A Proposed Comprehensive Classification Scheme.

Introduced over 20 y ago, IACUCs undertaking postapproval monitoring (PAM) of animal research procedures as a means to ensure researcher compliance is now widely used as an oversight tool in laboratory animal research. Through a literature review evaluating the history of PAM in the United States, discussions of controversy surrounding PAM activities, and reflections on how PAM activities are described within the IACUC community, we present an up-to-date and comprehensive classification system for PAM program methodologies that could serve to standardize how such activities are characterized in IACUC policies, communicated to research staff, used in training programs, implemented for the desired impact by individuals involved in animal research oversight, and referenced by regulatory agencies.