Polyphenols Targeting MAP Kinase Signaling Pathway in Neurological Diseases: Understanding Molecular Mechanisms and Therapeutic Targets.

Polyphenols are a class of secondary metabolic products found in plants that have been extensively studied for how well they regulate biological processes, such as the proliferation of cells, autophagy, and apoptosis. The mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK)-mediated signaling cascade is currently identified as a crucial pro-inflammatory pathway that plays a significant role in the development of neuroinflammation. This process has been shown to contribute to the pathogenesis of several neurological conditions, such as Alzheimer's disease (AD), Parkinson's disease (PD), CNS damage, and cerebral ischemia.

Safety and efficacy of intravitreal anti vascular endothelial growth factor for severe posterior retinopathy of prematurity with flat fibrovascular proliferation.

Background: Intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (IVA) injection is known to cause contraction of fibrovascular proliferation (FVP), when present in severe retinopathy of prematurity (ROP).

Aim: To assess the structural outcomes of IVA injection in the treatment of severe posterior ROP with significant FVP.

Methods: It was a retrospective study in which 36 eyes of 18 preterm babies who developed > 4 clock hours of FVP in zone I or posterior zone II, were treated with either intravitreal 0.

Knobloch syndrome - a rare collagenopathy, revealing peripheral avascular retina.

Introduction: Pediatric rhegmatogenous retinal detachments, especially those presenting at birth or soon afterward, have a high likelihood of syndromic associations that can be confirmed by genetic testing.

Materials And Methods: A 5-month-old child was found to have high myopia in the right eye (RE) with highly tessellated fundus, opalescent vitreous, and peripheral thinning. Left eye had a shallow retinal detachment for which he underwent belt buckling.

Unusual manifestations of extra-pulmonary tuberculosis: a pictorial essay.

Purpose: Tuberculosis is quite common in India. About 40% of all Indians are infected with mycobacterium tuberculosis, with 2.5 million active tuberculosis cases.

Coincidental ocular findings during retinopathy of prematurity telescreening of 9105 neonates.

Purpose: To describe the magnitude and spectrum of abnormal ocular findings other than retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) detected during an ROP telescreening programme.

Methods: Retrospective review of the records of all premature babies screened for ROP from August 2015 to December 2019.

Results: A total 9105 babies were screened during the study period with total 17,075 imaging sessions.