Publications by authors named "S Polak"
Problematic visualization of human protoplasmic astrocytes Immunohistochemical stains.
Bratisl Lek Listy
December 2024
Article Synopsis
- Traditional classifications of astrocytes include fibrous and protoplasmic types, but GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) is generally seen as a key marker for identifying them.
- The study used immunohistochemical methods to analyze brain biopsy samples from patients with various neurological conditions, noting that GFAP-positive fibrous astrocytes were primarily in specific brain regions, while protoplasmic astrocytes were rare.
- The findings suggest that brain tissue contains GFAP-negative precursor cells that can become GFAP-positive under certain conditions, challenging current methods of identifying and classifying astrocytes in the adult brain.
Background: The human skull contains various foramina, including the posterior condylar canal (PCC), which allows the passage of emissary veins. The PCC connects the jugular foramen to the condylar fossa and facilitates venous drainage between the jugular bulb and suboccipital venous plexus. Due to its variable size and location, the PCC can be mistaken for pathological structures, posing challenges during neurosurgical procedures.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFIn the context of evaluating the safety and efficacy of dermal products, pharmacokinetic (PK) studies face considerable challenges, particularly concerning topically applied formulations. This underscores the necessity for alternative methods, such as in vitro permeation tests (IVPT) and physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modelling, to better understand the dermal pharmacokinetics of a product. The purpose of this study was to modify, verify, and validate the PBPK model of caffeine permeation through human skin previously developed by Patel et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSeveral factors can affect drug release from polylactide coglycolide (PLGA)-based formulations, including polymer and drug properties, formulation components, manufacturing processes, and environmental or conditions. To achieve optimal release profiles for specific drug delivery applications, it is crucial to understand the mechanistic processes that determine drug release from PLGA-based formulations. In the current study, we developed a mechanistic model for the drug release of PLGA-based solid implants.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFZygomaticofacial foramen in dry adult human skulls: a morphological study.
Folia Morphol (Warsz)
September 2024
Background: A wide range of medical procedures in the zygomatic region in maxillofacial surgery, implantology, and aesthetic medicine requires a detailed study of the zygomaticofacial foramen (ZFF) due to the high risk of damage to its contents during manipulation.This study aimed to estimate the shape, diameter, and location of ZFF and their relationships with anatomical landmarks.
Materials And Methods: A studywas conductedon 53 dry adult human skulls.