Advances in Immunotherapy in Hepatocellular Carcinoma.

Over the past several years, the therapeutic landscape for patients with advanced, unresectable, or metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma has been transformed by the incorporation of checkpoint inhibitor immunotherapy into the treatment paradigm. Frontline systemic treatment options have expanded beyond anti-angiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as sorafenib, to a combination of immunotherapy approaches, including atezolizumab plus bevacizumab and durvalumab plus tremelimumab, both of which have demonstrated superior response and survival to sorafenib. Additionally, combination treatments with checkpoint inhibitors and tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been investigated with variable success.

Green Synthesis of Chlorophyllin-Based Ag Nanoparticles to Target Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Background: Bacteria resist drugs by employing new resistance mechanisms, leading to prolonged infection and complexity in therapeutic prognosis that concordantly decreases drug efficacy. In recent years, nanotechnology has gained immense popularity for the development of drug delivery systems to combat the global pharmaceutical crisis of multi-drug resistance.

Objective: The present work aimed to focus on the green chemistry-based synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using the phytocompound chlorophyllin to form chlorophyllin precipitated silver nanoparticles (NCHL) and elucidate their application against two pathologically significant bacterial species Escherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus.

Nano-biopesticide formulation comprising of silver nanoparticles anchored to Ocimum sanctum: a sustainable approach to pest control in jute farming.

The jute hairy caterpillar, Spilosoma obliqua (Lepidoptera: Erebidae) is considered as one of the major threats to jute cultivation. The best eco-friendly methods to combat these jute pests involve administration of nano-biopesticides, as a successful alternative to the toxic chemicals. In this study, a nano-biopesticide formulation containing green synthesized silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) using Ocimum sanctum leaf extract has been proposed.

Impact of Disease Etiology and Indication for Colectomy on Postoperative Outcomes: A NSQIP Colectomy-Targeted Database Study.

Background: The ACS-NSQIP Colectomy-Targeted database provides valuable metrics on surgical outcomes by utilizing clinical data to enhance quality improvement efforts. However, the quality measures offered in the ACS-NSQIP semiannual report do not stratify for the indication for colectomy. We aim to compare postoperative outcomes in patients undergoing colectomy for colon cancer, infectious causes, and inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Surgical Opioid Stewardship: From the Epidemic Through the Pandemic and Beyond.

Background: In response to the opioid epidemic, prescribing guidelines and statewide surgical opioid management programs were initiated in 2018-19. This analysis aims to document the sustainability of a regional opioid stewardship consortium through the pandemic and beyond.

Study Design: From September 2019 through August 2023, 15 NSQIP hospitals in two states gathered opioid-specific variables on patients undergoing 12 procedures.