A systematic scoping review of the neurological effects of COVID-19.

Background: The global coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic began in early 2020, caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). In mid-2020 the CIAO (Modelling the Pathogenesis of COVID-19 Using the Adverse Outcome Pathway Framework) project was established, bringing together over 75 interdisciplinary scientists worldwide to collaboratively investigate the underlying biological mechanisms of COVID-19 and consolidate the data using the Adverse Outcome Pathway (AOP) Framework. Neurological symptoms such as anosmia and encephalitis have been frequently reported to be associated with infection with SARS-CoV-2.

Sprague Dawley rats from different vendors vary in the modulation of prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI) by dopamine, acetylcholine, and glutamate drugs.

Rationale: Rodent vendors are often utilized interchangeably, assuming that the phenotype of a given strain remains standardized between colonies. Several studies, however, have found significant behavioral and physiological differences between Sprague Dawley (SD) rats from separate vendors. Prepulse inhibition of startle (PPI), a form of sensorimotor gating in which a low-intensity leading stimulus reduces the startle response to a subsequent stimulus, may also vary by vendor.

Randomised controlled trial of intravenous nafamostat mesylate in COVID pneumonitis: Phase 1b/2a experimental study to investigate safety, Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics.

Background: Many repurposed drugs have progressed rapidly to Phase 2 and 3 trials in COVID19 without characterisation of Pharmacokinetics /Pharmacodynamics including safety data. One such drug is nafamostat mesylate.

Methods: We present the findings of a phase Ib/IIa open label, platform randomised controlled trial of intravenous nafamostat in hospitalised patients with confirmed COVID-19 pneumonitis.

Direct Common Carotid Artery Puncture for Endovascular Treatment of Acute Large Vessel Ischemic Stroke in a Patient With Congenital Rare Variant of the Great Vessels.

This report describes a case of acute left middle cerebral artery ischemic stroke that occurred in a patient with unique anatomy of the vessels arising from the aortic arch that remained undiagnosed until the age of 36. The nature of the anatomical variance proved problematic in establishing access to the carotid artery via traditional transfemoral or transbrachial approaches, and direct access was established via left carotid puncture. The patient regained substantial neurologic function.

How are balance and mobility problems after stroke treated in England? An observational study of the content, dose and context of physiotherapy.

Objective: To describe the dose, intensity and context of physiotherapy for balance and mobility problems after stroke.

Design: Process mapping to describe the context and non-participant observation of therapy sessions to describe the dose and content of therapy.

Setting: Four inpatient stroke units in North-West England.