A flagella-dependent jumbo phage controls rice seedling rot and steers toward reduced virulence in rice seedlings.

Bacteriophages (phages) are being investigated as potential biocontrol agents for the suppression of bacterial diseases in cultivated crops. Jumbo bacteriophages, which possess genomic DNA larger than 200 kbp, generally have a broader host range than other phages and therefore would be useful as biocontrol agents against a wide range of bacterial strains. Thus, the characterization of novel jumbo phages specific for agricultural pathogens would be of importance for the development of phage biocontrol strategies.

The human fecal microbiome contributes to the biotransformation of the PFAS surfactant 8:2 monosubstituted polyfluoroalkyl phosphate ester.

Polyfluoroalkyl phosphate esters (PAPs) can be found throughout society due to their numerous commercial applications. However, they also pose an environmental and health concern given their ability to undergo hydrolysis and oxidation to several bioactive and persistent products, including the perfluorocarboxylic acids (PFCAs). The metabolism of PAPs has been shown to occur in mammalian liver and intestine, however metabolism by the gut microbiome has not yet been investigated.

The challenges of commissioning healthcare: a discussion paper.

The UK's Department of Health Independent Sector Programme to procure healthcare for National Health Service (NHS) patients from the independent sector revealed many of the challenges of commissioning, particularly assessing governance arrangements and identifying the organisational attributes of high quality healthcare providers. These issues were first discussed in a workshop at the British Association of Medical Managers (BAMM) Medical Directors Conference in Dublin in November 2007 (Dale, et al., 2009).