Oversight on the borderline: Quality improvement and pragmatic research.

Pragmatic research that compares interventions to improve the organization and delivery of health care may overlap, in both goals and methods, with quality improvement activities. When activities have attributes of both research and quality improvement, confusion often arises about what ethical oversight is, or should be, required. For routine quality improvement, in which the delivery of health care is modified in minor ways that create only minimal risks, oversight by local clinical or administrative leaders utilizing institutional policies may be sufficient.

Intimate partner violence and mental health in Bolivia.

Background: Latin America has among the highest rates of intimate partner violence. While there is increasing evidence that intimate partner violence is associated with mental health problems, there is little such research for developing countries. The purpose of this paper is to examine the relationship between Bolivian women's experiences with physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence and mental health outcomes.

Prevalence and correlates of physical, psychological, and sexual intimate partner violence in Bolivia.

Despite increasing awareness that domestic violence is a major public health problem, existing studies focus on physical and sexual violence and give little attention to psychological violence. This study uses data from the 2008 Bolivia Demographic and Health Surveys (BDHS) to examine the prevalence and correlates of physical, sexual, and psychological intimate partner violence in Bolivia. The results show that psychological intimate partner violence is extremely common (affecting nearly one in two women) and often occurs in addition to physical violence.

Chevron sutureless closure: a preliminary report.

An inverted V-shaped cataract incision with a scleral tunnel entry into the anterior chamber was used in 700 eyes. Two details distinguish this incision from other sutureless closures: the fulcrum in the crotch of the V provides easier access to the anterior chamber for instrument manipulation, and the termination of the scleral tunnel entry posterior to the cornea lessens the likelihood of corneal folds that may interfere with visualization during surgery. The surgical results in a preliminary survey show minimal iatrogenic change in corneal toricity and the type of complications usually associated with conventional cataract surgery.