Avelumab + axitinib vs sunitinib as first-line treatment for patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma: final analysis of the phase 3 JAVELIN Renal 101 trial.

Background: In the phase 3 JAVELIN Renal 101 trial (NCT02684006), first-line treatment with avelumab + axitinib resulted in significantly longer progression-free survival (PFS) and a higher objective response rate (ORR) vs sunitinib in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (aRCC). We report the final analysis, including the primary analysis of overall survival (OS).

Patients And Methods: Patients with untreated aRCC (any prognostic risk score) were enrolled.

Retest reliability and reliable change of community-dwelling Black/African American older adults with and without mild cognitive impairment using NIH Toolbox-Cognition Battery and Cogstate Brief Battery for laptop.

Objective: With the increased use of computer-based tests in clinical and research settings, assessing retest reliability and reliable change of NIH Toolbox-Cognition Battery (NIHTB-CB) and Cogstate Brief Battery (Cogstate) is essential. Previous studies used mostly White samples, but Black/African Americans (B/AAs) must be included in this research to ensure reliability.

Method: Participants were B/AA consensus-confirmed healthy controls (HCs) (n = 49) or mild cognitive impairment (MCI) (n = 34) adults 60-85 years that completed NIHTB-CB and Cogstate for laptop at two timepoints within 4 months.

Impact of race and payor status on patterns of utilization of partial and radical nephrectomy in patients with renal cell carcinoma in California.

Background: Prospective trials have shown similar outcomes with partial nephrectomy (PN) in patients with localized renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and multiple studies suggest increasing the use of the technique. We hypothesize that patients who stem from minority groups, as well as Medicare and Medical, have less access to this specialized procedure and, therefore, have a higher rate of radical nephrectomy (RN).

Methods: We interrogated the California Office of Statewide Health Planning and Development (OSHPD) database, which collects information from all inpatient admissions, emergency room visits and inpatient/outpatient procedures in the state.

Stochastic modeling of single-cell gene expression adaptation reveals non-genomic contribution to evolution of tumor subclones.

Cancer progression is an evolutionary process driven by the selection of cells adapted to gain growth advantage. We present a formal study on the adaptation of gene expression in subclonal evolution. We model evolutionary changes in gene expression as stochastic Ornstein-Uhlenbeck processes, jointly leveraging the evolutionary history of subclones and single-cell expression data.

Comparative evaluation of the influence of the palatal root length on the efficacy of maxillary buccal infiltration by open and closed mouth technique: a randomized control trial.

Background: Maxillary molars are commonly anesthetized via buccal infiltration. A patient's mouth opening during maxillary buccal infiltration can influence dental treatment. Hence, this study aimed to evaluate and compare the influence of palatal root length on the efficacy of 2% lidocaine in 1:80000 adrenaline for maxillary buccal infiltration (MBI) between the open- and closed-mouth techniques.