[Genetic components and the uncertainty of the phenotypic realization of the mass of newborns in domestic pigs Sus scrofa L].

In this article, we discuss the features of the genetic determination of a continuous quantitative trait, the mass of newborn offspring in populations of the domestic pig. We defined several components that determine the phenotypic trait, such as the maternal effect, complete dominance, interaction of the parental alleles in the genotype of the offspring, and the uncertainty of phenotypic realization of genotype. We found that a phenotypic trait of high genetic determinacy can also have a maximum range in phenotypic realization, in which case each genotype encountered in the population can realize within the entire range of possible phenotypes.

[Model of genetic control of the number and location of nipples in domestic pig].

In domestic pig, the number and location of nipples is considered a single quantitative trait, which has a complex spatial structure that includes bilaterality and a linear sequence of repetitive elements. According to this hypothesis, six inadherent biallelic loci are sufficient for a variety of traits observed in domestic pig populations. Verification of representative samplings from five domestic pig populations of different origin (about 20 000 individuals) confirmed the theses of the hypothesis, this fact allows considering it as a model of the studied bilateral trait.

[Standardized selection and its consequences for genetic population structure (examplified by Sus scrofa L.)].

Type of selection for total fitness, specific for domestic animals and termed by us standardizing selection, is discussed. Consequences of such selection for the population structure genetic are considered taking a population of domestic pigs as an example. Examples of effective and ineffective standardizing selection are presented.

[Dynamics of heterozygosity and its correlation with fitness in a population of domestic pigs].

Variation of heterozygosity at 11 loci for blood group systems (erythrocyte antigens), occurred during 14 years in the domestic pig population of Kemerovskaya breed is described. The two estimates computed for the population examined were represented by expected population heterozygosity, as a measure resistant to stochastic fluctuations, and individual heterozygosity, as a measure with the features of a quantitative trait. Our results showed that relative fitness of genotypic classes, formed by the alleles of erythrocyte antigen loci, was different.

[Frequency of chromosomes carrying endogenous retroviruses in the populations of domestic pig and wild boar].

Statistical analysis of the frequency of chromosomes carrying three types (A, B, and C) of porcine endogenous retroviruses (PERV) was based on molecular-genetic testing of populations of domestic pigs and wild boars. Domestic pigs were shown to have higher frequency of PERV and haplotypes containing two and three types of PERV than wild boars.