Emergence of SARS-CoV-2 subgenomic RNAs that enhance viral fitness and immune evasion.

Coronaviruses express their structural and accessory genes via a set of subgenomic RNAs, whose synthesis is directed by transcription regulatory sequences (TRSs) in the 5' genomic leader and upstream of each body open reading frame. In SARS-CoV-2, the TRS has the consensus AAACGAAC; upon searching for emergence of this motif in the global SARS-CoV-2 sequences, we find that it evolves frequently, especially in the 3' end of the genome. We show well-supported examples upstream of the Spike gene-within the nsp16 coding region of ORF1b-which is expressed during human infection, and upstream of the canonical Envelope gene TRS, both of which have evolved convergently in multiple lineages.

Coblation Versus Radiofrequency for Tongue Base Reduction in Obstructive Sleep Apnea: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: The objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness and safety profile of coblation tongue base reduction (CBTR) compared to radiofrequency base of tongue (RFBOT) reduction on sleep-related outcomes in patients with obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Data Sources: PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews databases.

Review Methods: Literature search by 2 independent authors was conducted using the abovementioned databases.

A synchronous occurrence of breast cancer and pleural mesothelioma: a case report.

Background: Malignant mesotheliomas are aggressive forms of tumors arising from mesothelial cells. The most common type is malignant pleural mesothelioma, which progresses rapidly and leads to pleural effusion. It typically affects older men and is strongly associated with asbestos exposure.

Effect of multi-level upper airway surgery on obese patients with obstructive sleep apnea.

Purpose: Obesity is a major risk factor in Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA), which is a prevalent disease that leads to significant morbidity. Multi-level Sleep Surgery (MLS) is a method of treatment for patients who cannot tolerate continuous positive airway pressure. Obesity has previously been identified as a risk factor that may decrease the success rate of MLS.

Hypomagnesemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.

This study investigates the prevalence of hypomagnesemia in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and examines its association with various metabolic parameters. Conducted as a cross-sectional study at King Saud University, Riyadh, it included 294 Saudi adults aged 25 to 65 years, comprising 119 T2DM patients, 80 prediabetics, and 95 nondiabetic controls. Participants underwent physical examinations, and fasting blood samples were analyzed for glucose, glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c), lipid profile, and serum magnesium levels.