A rare case of pontine tegmental cap dysplasia.

Pontine Tegmental Cap Dysplasia (PTCD) is a rare hindbrain malformation characterized by cranial nerve dysfunction, cerebellar abnormalities, and developmental delays of varying severity. This case report presents a 12-month-old female with significant developmental delays, hypotonia, and cranial nerve abnormalities. The findings underscore the critical role of radiology and neuroimaging in diagnosing and managing PTCD.

2025 Heart Disease and Stroke Statistics: A Report of US and Global Data From the American Heart Association.

Background: The American Heart Association (AHA), in conjunction with the National Institutes of Health, annually reports the most up-to-date statistics related to heart disease, stroke, and cardiovascular risk factors, including core health behaviors (smoking, physical activity, nutrition, sleep, and obesity) and health factors (cholesterol, blood pressure, glucose control, and metabolic syndrome) that contribute to cardiovascular health. The AHA Heart Disease and Stroke Statistical Update presents the latest data on a range of major clinical heart and circulatory disease conditions (including stroke, brain health, complications of pregnancy, kidney disease, congenital heart disease, rhythm disorders, sudden cardiac arrest, subclinical atherosclerosis, coronary heart disease, cardiomyopathy, heart failure, valvular disease, venous thromboembolism, and peripheral artery disease) and the associated outcomes (including quality of care, procedures, and economic costs).

Methods: The AHA, through its Epidemiology and Prevention Statistics Committee, continuously monitors and evaluates sources of data on heart disease and stroke in the United States and globally to provide the most current information available in the annual Statistical Update with review of published literature through the year before writing.

Definitions of Hemodynamic Instability Related to Renal Replacement Therapy in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review Protocol.

Background: Hemodynamic instability related to renal replacement therapy (HIRRT) is a common complication affecting critically ill patients that require renal replacement therapy (RRT). There is currently no consensus regarding the definition of HIRRT in critically ill patients. In this context, the impacts of HIRRT on clinical outcomes such as mortality or renal recovery in critically ill patients are unclear.

Hydrogel injection molded complex macroencapsulation device geometry improves long-term cell therapy viability and function in the rat omentum transplant site.

Insulin-secreting allogeneic cell therapies are a promising treatment for type 1 diabetes, with the potential to eliminate hypoglycemia and long-term complications of the disease. However, chronic systemic immunosuppression is necessary to prevent graft rejection, and the acute risks associated with immunosuppression limit the number of patients who can be treated with allogeneic cell therapies. Islet macroencapsulation in a hydrogel biomaterial is one proposed method to reduce or eliminate immune suppression; however, macroencapsulation devices suffer from poor oxygen transport and limited efficacy as they scale to large animal model preclinical studies and clinical trials.