Cost-effectiveness of digoxin versus beta blockers in permanent atrial fibrillation: the Rate Control Therapy Evaluation in Permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RATE-AF) randomised trial.

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a major and increasing burden on health services. This study aimed to evaluate the cost-effectiveness of digoxin versus beta-blockers for heart rate control in patients with permanent AF and symptoms of heart failure.

Methods: RAte control Therapy Evaluation in permanent Atrial Fibrillation (RATE-AF) was a randomised, open-label, blinded, endpoint trial embedded in the UK National Health Service (NHS) to directly compare low-dose digoxin with beta-blockers (ClinicalTrials.

Male and female behavioral variability and morphine response in C57BL/6J, DBA/2J, and their BXD progeny following chronic stress exposure.

Drug addiction is a multifactorial syndrome in which genetic predispositions and exposure to environmental stressors constitute major risk factors for the early onset, escalation, and relapse of addictive behaviors. While it is well known that stress plays a key role in drug addiction, the genetic factors that make certain individuals particularly sensitive to stress and, thereby, more vulnerable to becoming addicted are unknown. In an effort to test a complex set of gene x environment interactions-specifically gene x chronic stress-here we leveraged a systems genetics resource: BXD recombinant inbred mice (BXD5, BXD8, BXD14, BXD22, BXD29, and BXD32) and their parental mouse lines, C57BL/6J and DBA/2J.

Prevalence and patterns of testing for anaemia in primary care in England.

Despite epidemiological data on anaemia being available on a global scale, its prevalence in the United Kingdom is not well described. To investigate anaemia prevalence and testing patterns for haemoglobin and other blood parameters. A population-based cohort study using data drawn from the Clinical Practice Research Datalink Aurum database in 2019.

Asthma and Memory Function in Children.

Importance: Asthma is a chronic respiratory disease affecting approximately 5 million children in the US. Rodent models of asthma indicate memory deficits, but little is known about whether asthma alters children's memory development.

Objective: To assess whether childhood asthma is associated with lower memory abilities in children.