Monitoring the distribution of banana bunchy top virus in South Africa: a country-wide survey.

Banana bunchy top disease is the most devastating viral disease of bananas worldwide and is caused by banana bunchy top virus (BBTV). The disease is spread by the banana aphid Pentalonia nigronervosa Coquerel (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and through infected propagation material. In 2016, the virus was detected for the first time in an isolated area in the South Coast region of KwaZulu-Natal Province (KZN), South Africa.

Midwives' perceived role in up referral of high-risk pregnancies in primary healthcare settings, eThekwini district, South Africa.

Background: South African maternal and neonatal mortality rates remain unnecessarily high, which are considered avoidable through timeous identification, treatment and referral. An efficient referral process of high-risk pregnant women is dependent on the midwives' ability to respond with relevance to the maternal and neonatal healthcare needs. The attainment of improved maternal and neonatal outcomes commences at the primary healthcare level, with the midwife, recognised as the first person responsible and accountable for pregnant women's healthcare.