High clonal diversity and spatial genetic admixture in early prostate cancer and surrounding normal tissue.

Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are pervasive in advanced human cancers, but their prevalence and spatial distribution in early-stage, localized tumors and their surrounding normal tissues are poorly characterized. Here, we perform multi-region, single-cell DNA sequencing to characterize the SCNA landscape across tumor-rich and normal tissue in two male patients with localized prostate cancer. We identify two distinct karyotypes: 'pseudo-diploid' cells harboring few SCNAs and highly aneuploid cells.

A hierarchy of needs for remote undergraduate medical education: lessons from the medical student experience.

Purpose: The disruption of undergraduate medical education (UME) by the COVID-19 pandemic has sparked rapid, real-time adjustments by medical educators and students. While much is known about online teaching in general, little guidance is available to medical educators on how to adapt courses not originally designed for the online environment. To guide our faculty in this transition we conducted a needs assessment of students enrolled in virtual courses across all 4 years of UME training.

Medical Students and the Drive for a Single Right Answer: Teaching Complexity and Uncertainty.

The arrival of Generation Z, the next generation of medical learners, has been accompanied by efforts to adapt teaching practices for this new group of students. Many have identified challenges associated with addressing the needs of modern medical learners. One particular trend we have observed is that medical students are increasingly requesting an "answer key" for all aspects of their medical education.

'Educator with a capital E': Comparing medical education experiences of student-as-teacher elective participants and peers.

Purpose: Student-as-teacher electives are increasingly offered at medical schools, but little is known about how medical education experiences among enrolled students compare with those of their peers. The study's aim was to characterize medical students' education-related experiences, attitudes, knowledge, and skills based on their enrollment status in a student-as-teacher course.

Materials/methods: We conducted four focus groups at a medical school in the United States: two with graduating students in a student-as-teacher elective ( = 11) and two with unenrolled peers ( = 11).

Preparing Future Doctors for Telemedicine: An Asynchronous Curriculum for Medical Students Implemented During the COVID-19 Pandemic.

Problem: The COVID-19 pandemic led to changes in both the clinical environment and medical education. The abrupt shift to telemedicine in March 2020, coupled with the recommendation that medical students pause in-person clinical rotations, highlighted the need for student training in telemedicine.

Approach: To maintain students' ability to participate in clinical encounters and continue learning in the new virtual environment, a telemedicine curriculum for clinical students was rapidly developed at Harvard Medical School (HMS) focusing on the knowledge and skills needed to conduct live video encounters.