Recruitment and retention of participants in UK surgical trials: survey of key issues reported by trial staff.

Background: Recruitment and retention of participants in surgical trials is challenging. Knowledge of the most common and problematic issues will aid future trial design. This study aimed to identify trial staff perspectives on the main issues affecting participant recruitment and retention in UK surgical trials.

Patient and public involvement (PPI) in UK surgical trials: a survey and focus groups with stakeholders to identify practices, views, and experiences.

Background And Aims: Historically, patient and public involvement (PPI) in the design and conduct of surgical trials has been absent or minimal, but it is now routinely recommended and even required by some research funders. We aimed to identify and describe current PPI practice in surgical trials in the United Kingdom, and to explore the views and experiences of surgical trial staff and patient or public contributors in relation to these practices. This was part of a larger study to inform development of a robust PPI intervention aimed at improving recruitment and retention in surgical trials.

Hypochlorite action on plasma fibronectin promotes its extended conformation in complexes with antibodies.

We investigated the influence of hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl-) on plasma fibronectin (Fn) aggregation and examined an affinity of Fn aggregates to Fn specific antibodies. Human plasma Fn HOCl/OCl(-)-mediated modification was monitored with differential OD method and with measurements of tryptophan fluorescence followed by acrylamide quenching of tryptophan emission. Antibody fibronectin complex formation was examined in ELISA systems with chemiluminescence (CL) detection.

Collagen type II modification by hypochlorite.

Oxidation of proteins is a common phenomenon in the inflammatory process mediated by highly reactive agents such as hypochlorite (HOCl/OCl(-)) produced by activated neutrophils. For instance, in rheumatoid arthritis hypochlorite plays an important role in joint destruction. One of the major targets for HOCl/OCl(-) is collagen type II (CII) - the primary cartilage protein.

Sulphoacetaldehyde as a product of taurine chloramine peroxidation at site of inflammation.

It has been reported, that sulphoacetalhehyde is formed in the fagocytozing PMNs and its production is taurine monochloramine mediated. Since H(2)O(2) and secreted MPO are present in the medium the non- and enzymatic peroxidation of taurine of its mono- and dichloramines were examined within the pH range 5.3-7.