The goal of this study was to quantify and demonstrate the dynamic effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT), organic carbon and various components of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) produced by microorganisms on the performance of submersed hollow-fiber microfiltration (MF) membrane in a hybrid powdered activated carbon (PAC)-MF membrane bioreactor (MBR). The reactors were operated continuously for 45 days to treat surface (river) water before and after pretreatment using a biofiltration unit. The real-time levels of organic carbon and the major components of EPS including five different carbohydrates (D(+) glucose and D(+) mannose, D(+) galactose, N-acetyl-D-galactosamine and D-galactose, oligosaccharides and L(-) fucose), proteins, and polysaccharides were quantified in the influent water, foulants, and in the bulk phases of different reactors.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFThe regional pattern of shore molluscan assemblages was investigated along a 650-km coastline of the Kii Peninsula in central Japan. Hydrography of the coastal waters differed between three subareas, the Inner Kii Channel (IKC), the Outer Kii Channel (OKC), and the Sea of Kumano (SOK), which are demarcated by the two prominent capes, Cape Hinomisaki and Cape Shionomisaki. The water of OKC was warm, saline, and transparent compared to that of the other subareas, due to the influence of the intruding Kuroshio current.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFWater Sci Technol
June 2011
Microcystis aeruginosa forms algal bloom in lakes. They produce toxic compounds such as microcystin. Against such algal problems, the effect of UV treatment was examined.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFA method was developed for discriminating damaged viruses or naked viral RNA from intact viruses by ethidium monoazide (EMA) treatment before RT-PCR. The applied EMA treatment consisted of three steps: (1) EMA dose, (2) exposure to light, and (3) additional purification by spin-column gel filtration. Approximately 4-log reduction in viral RNA concentration was observed by adding a dose of 10 μg/mL-EMA with 300 s of light irradiation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFSpecification tests defined in the Japanese Food Sanitation Law were conducted on 7 polylactic acid food-contact products. Moreover, the content and migration of other compounds were examined by means of ICP-AES, GC/MS and mutagenicity tests. All products met their specifications, and migration levels of heavy metals were negligible.
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