Retrospective Analysis of Archived Pyrazinamide Resistant Complex Isolates from Uganda-Evidence of Interspecies Transmission.

The contribution of to the proportion of tuberculosis cases in humans is unknown. A retrospective study was undertaken on archived complex (MTBC) isolates from a reference laboratory in Uganda to identify the prevalence of human infection. A total of 5676 isolates maintained in this repository were queried and 136 isolates were identified as pyrazinamide resistant, a hallmark phenotype of .

A comparison of all-cause and cause-specific mortality by household socioeconomic status across seven INDEPTH network health and demographic surveillance systems in sub-Saharan Africa.

Background: Understanding socioeconomic disparities in all-cause and cause-specific mortality can help inform prevention and treatment strategies.

Objectives: To quantify cause-specific mortality rates by socioeconomic status across seven health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) in five countries (Ethiopia, Kenya, Malawi, Mozambique, and Nigeria) in the INDEPTH Network in sub-Saharan Africa.

Methods: We linked demographic residence data with household survey data containing living standards and education information we used to create a poverty index.

A Spatiotemporal Analysis of HIV-Associated Mortality in Rural Western Kenya 2011-2015.

Background: Reliable data on the HIV epidemic is critical for the measurement of the impact of HIV response and for the implementation of further interventions.

Methods: We used mortality data from the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems (HDSS) from January 1, 2011 to December 31, 2015 to examine the space-time pattern of HIV-associated mortality. HIV mortality rate was calculated per 1000 persons living with HIV (for comparison with regional and national averages) and per 1000 person-years (p-y) for comparison with data from other HDSS sites.

Cause-specific mortality in the Kombewa health and demographic surveillance systems site, rural Western Kenya from 2011-2015.

Background: The vast majority of deaths in the health and Kombewa demographic surveillance system (HDSS) study area are not registered and reported through official systems of vital registration. As a result, few data are available regarding causes of death in this population.

Objectives: To describe causes of death among residents of all ages in the Kombewa HDSS, located in rural Western Kenya.

Sputum smear-positive, culture-negative state during anti-tuberculosis treatment in the MGIT liquid culture era.

The sputum smear-positive, culture-negative state poses a challenge for clinicians. Previous studies have shown that most samples with positive smears during the later stages of treatment are culture-negative. Earlier studies generally used solid culture media, which tend to be less sensitive than current liquid culture systems.