Cytokine release syndrome and immune effector cell‑associated neurotoxicity syndrome in a melanoma patient treated with adjuvant pembrolizumab.

The emergence of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has significantly improved the prognosis of patients with solid tumors. However, along with their efficacy, new toxicities related to immune system activation have surfaced, some of which pose life-threatening risks. Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and immune effector cell-associated neurotoxicity syndrome (ICANS) are among the serious, albeit rare, immune-related adverse effects (irAEs) observed.

Rationale for the Initiation, Outcomes, and Characteristics of Chemotherapy Following CDK4/6 Inhibitors in Breast Cancer: A Real-World Cohort Study.

The standard therapy for hormone-receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer includes the use of cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors (CDK4/6i) with endocrine therapy. The optimal post-CDK4/6i treatment sequence is unclear. This cohort study evaluated the initiation, characteristics, and outcomes of chemotherapy following CDK4/6i-based treatment.

Adjuvant anti-PD1 immunotherapy of resected skin melanoma: an example of non-personalized medicine with no overall survival benefit.

Randomized clinical trials demonstrated a recurrence-free survival benefit with adjuvant anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD1) inhibitors of resected stage IIB-IV melanoma. However, no improvement in overall survival has been observed thus far. Furthermore, there are no predictive markers for immunotherapy response in melanoma, therefore adjuvant treatment is offered to all comers based exclusively on the pathological and clinical stages.

Characteristics and outcomes of advanced melanoma patients with complete response and elective discontinuation of first-line anti-programmed death-1 monotherapy: A real-world multicentre observational cohort study.

Anti-programmed death-1 (anti-PD1) treatment has significantly improved outcomes of advanced melanoma with a considerable percentage of patients achieving complete response (CR). This real-world study analyzed the feasibility of elective anti-PD1 discontinuation in advanced melanoma patients with CR and evaluated factors related to sustained response. Thirty-five patients with advanced cutaneous or primary unknown melanoma with CR to nivolumab or pembrolizumab from 11 centers were included.