Microplastics influencing aquatic environment and human health: A review of source, determination, distribution, removal, degradation, management strategy and future perspective.

Microplastics (MPs) are produced from various primary and secondary sources and pose multifaceted environmental problems. They are of non-biodegradable nature and may stay in aquatic environments for a long time period. The present review has covered novel aspects pertaining to MPs that were not covered in earlier studies.

Statistical methods in the analysis of multicentre HIV randomized controlled trials in the African region: a scoping review.

Background: The majority of phase 3 clinical trials are implemented in multiple sites or centres, which inevitably leads to a correlation between observations from the same site or centre. This correlation must be carefully considered in both the design and the statistical analysis to ensure an accurate interpretation of the results and reduce the risk of biased results. This scoping review aims to provide a detailed statistical method used to analyze data collected from multicentre HIV randomized controlled trials in the African region.

Multivariate skew-normal distribution for modelling skewed spatial data.

Multivariate spatial data are commonly modelled using the shared spatial component and multivariate intrinsic conditional autoregressive (MICAR) models where the spatial random variables are assumed to be normally distributed. However, the normality assumption may not be always right as the spatially structured component may show non-normal distributions. We present, multivariate skew-normal spatial distribution in the modelling of multivariate conditional autoregressive models.

Risk of pedestrian collision for persons with peripheral field loss: A computational analysis.

Significance: People with peripheral field loss report colliding with other pedestrians on their blind side(s). We show that, in dyadic collision scenarios between persons, one with field loss, such as homonymous hemianopia, and the other normally sighted pedestrian, collisions occur only if the persons with homonymous hemianopia are overtaking the pedestrians, and the collision risk is concentrated at farther bearing angles than previously suggested.

Purpose: Prior work computed the risk of collision while simulating both pedestrians as points and did not consider the ability of the other pedestrian's normal vision to avoid the collision.