Seroprevalence and molecular detection of Newcastle disease virus in backyard chickens in Tripoli, Libya.

Background: Newcastle disease (ND) is a viral disease that affecting many avian species all over the world.

Aim: ND has been successfully controlled by the vaccination of commercial poultry in Libya. However, there was a lack of information about the situation of ND in backyard chickens.

Comparison of in ovo and post-hatch vaccination with particular reference to infectious bursal disease. A review.

In ovo vaccination is an alternative approach to post-hatch vaccination of chickens, particularly in broilers. Vaccination at embryonation day 18 helps to 'close the window' of susceptibility i.e.

Tissue tropism in the chicken embryo of non-virulent and virulent Newcastle diseases strains that express green fluorescence protein.

The tissue tropism of non-virulent and virulent Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was investigated using 8-day-old and 14-day-old embryonating chicken eggs (ECE), inoculated with an infectious clone of the non-virulent La Sota strain (NDFL-GFP) or its virulent derivative (NDFLtag-GFP). Both strains expressed the gene encoding jellyfish green fluorescence protein (GFP) as a marker. The GFP was readily expressed in chicken embryo cells infected with the NDV strains indicating virus replication.

Detection of antibody-forming cells directed against Newcastle disease virus and their immunoglobulin class by double immunoenzyme histochemistry.

Antibody-forming cells (AFCs) against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) and their immunoglobulin (Ig) class were demonstrated by a double immuno-enzyme histochemical technique. The AFCs were stained and quantified in spleen sections of chickens euthanatized at day 7 postexposure to the Roakin strain of NDV. The sections were incubated with NDV to determine the specificity of the AFCs.

Immunoglobulin class distribution of systemic and mucosal antibody responses to Newcastle disease in chickens.

In serum, tracheal wash fluid, and bile from chickens that were inoculated with live or inactivated Newcastle disease virus (NDV), the kinetics and immunoglobulin (Ig) class distribution of an antibody response were demonstrated. The Ig classes (IgM, IgG, and IgA) were captured using monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (Ig-capture ELISA). The antibody specificity of the captured Ig was confirmed by binding of NDV.