Estimated Incidence of Hospitalizations Attributable to RSV Infection Among Adults in Ontario, Canada, Between 2013 and 2019.

Introduction: Adult respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) burden is underestimated due to non-specific symptoms, limited standard-of-care and delayed testing, reduced diagnostic test sensitivity-particularly when using single diagnostic specimen-when compared to children, and variable test sensitivity based on the upper airway specimen source. We estimated RSV-attributable hospitalization incidence among adults aged ≥ 18 years in Ontario, Canada, using a retrospective time-series model-based approach.

Methods: The Institute for Clinical Evaluative Sciences data repository provided weekly numbers of hospitalizations (from 2013 to 2019) for respiratory, cardiovascular, and cardiorespiratory disorders.

Immunologic characterization of a novel inactivated nasal mumps virus vaccine adjuvanted with Protollin.

An inactivated, mucosal mumps virus (MuV) vaccine would address many of the problems associated with current live-attenuated formulations. Protollin (Prl)-based adjuvants (containing TLR2 and TLR4 ligands) are well-suited for nasal administration. We sought to develop an inactivated whole-virus nasal vaccine for MuV using the Prl adjuvant/delivery vehicle and to test tolerability and immunogenicity in a mouse model.

Antigen-driven clonal proliferation, somatic hypermutation, and selection of B lymphocytes infiltrating human ductal breast carcinomas.

Infiltration of B lymphocytes into the tumor tissue of breast cancer patients is a common occurrence, but the role of these cells in the immune response to the tumor is unknown. Heavy B-cell infiltration in medullary breast carcinoma is well documented and associated with a more favorable prognosis, implying a positive role for the humoral immune response in elimination of tumor cells. Variable B-cell infiltration has also been detected in infiltrating ductal carcinomas of the breast, but little is known about the immunoglobulin gene repertoire of these tumor-infiltrating B lymphocytes and whether they are actively responding to a local stimulus or merely passive bystanders.

Influence of taxonomic status on the in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility of the Burkholderia cepacia complex.

The Burkholderia cepacia complex is a diverse group of human pathogens that cause life-threatening lung infections in patients with cystic fibrosis or chronic granulomatous disease, and in patients requiring intensive care. Most previous antimicrobial susceptibility studies of these bacteria were performed before recent major revisions in the taxonomy of these bacteria. We determined the in vitro susceptibility of 65 B.

Burkholderia anthina sp. nov. and Burkholderia pyrrocinia, two additional Burkholderia cepacia complex bacteria, may confound results of new molecular diagnostic tools.

Nineteen Burkholderia cepacia-like isolates of human and environmental origin could not be assigned to one of the seven currently established genomovars using recently developed molecular diagnostic tools for B. cepacia complex bacteria. Various genotypic and phenotypic characteristics were examined.