Ethnic differences in the clinical and laboratory associations with retinopathy in adult onset diabetes: studies in patients of African, European and Indian origins.

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy (DR) and its associations in adult onset diabetic patients of African, European and Indian origins.

Design: The prevalence of retinopathy was determined by 60 degrees retinal photography in 507 consecutive out-patients. Clinical and laboratory associations were evaluated.

Screening for diabetic retinopathy in South Africa with 60 degrees retinal colour photography.

Objectives: Comparison of 60 degrees mydriatic retinal photography, in screening for diabetic retinopathy, with diabetes clinic doctors, formal ophthalmological assessment, and with one or two 45 degrees fields.

Design: Consecutive subjects screened by clinicians and photography, and selected eyes evaluated by an ophthalmologist. Randomized photographs assessed through one or two 45 degrees fields (by masking the slides), and at 60 degrees.