Overview of the early campaign diagnostics for the SPARC tokamak (invited).

The SPARC tokamak is a high-field, Bt0 ∼12 T, medium-sized, R0 = 1.85 m, tokamak that is presently under construction in Devens, MA, led by Commonwealth Fusion Systems. It will be used to de-risk the high-field tokamak path to a fusion power plant and demonstrate the commercial viability of fusion energy.

Design of a diamond-based in-vessel soft x-ray detector for the SPARC tokamak.

The in-vessel silicon diode arrays that are used for soft x-ray detection in many tokamaks are sensitive to neutron damage, making them unsuitable for burning plasma devices such as SPARC. In such a device, the silicon diodes would need to be placed far from the plasma-limiting their field of view-or an alternative detector could be used. Here, we present the design of a camera containing an array of chemical vapor deposition single-crystal diamonds, which will be placed in the upper and lower port plugs of the SPARC tokamak with a large enough view of the poloidal cross section to enable tomographic inversion.

SPARC x-ray diagnostics: Technical and functional overview.

An overview is given of SPARC's three main x-ray diagnostics, with a focus on the functions they fulfill with respect to tokamak operation. The first is an in-vessel soft x-ray tomography diagnostic, aimed at providing early campaign information on plasma position, MHD activity, and impurity content. The second is an ex-vessel set of hard x-ray scintillators aimed at detecting the presence of runaway electrons, in particular during plasma startup phases.

Reliability and smallest detectable change determination for serratus anterior muscle strength and endurance tests.

The purposes of this study were to determine inter-tester reliability, one-week test-retest reliability and smallest detectable difference (SDD) of serratus anterior muscle strength and endurance tests. Asymptomatic subjects were tested on an apparatus designed by the investigators. During strength testing, subjects performed isometric contractions recorded by a hand-held dynamometer.