Combined TLR2/TLR4 activation equip non-mucosal dendritic cells to prime Th1 cells with gut tropism.

Activated CD4 T cells located at mucosal surfaces orchestrate local effector immune mechanisms. When properly polarized, these cells contribute to block infections at early stages and may be essential to restrain the local growth of mucosal tumors, playing a critical role in host protection. How CD4 T cells simultaneously integrate gut-homing instructions and Th polarization signals transmitted by TLR activated dendritic cells (DCs) is unknown.

Depemokimab, the first ultra-long-acting anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody for severe eosinophilic asthma.

Depemokimab, the first ultra-long-acting anti-IL-5 monoclonal antibody, significantly reduced exacerbation rates in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma when administered biannually. While it offers potential benefits for patient adherence and convenience, the trials showed no improvement in symptoms and lung function. Further research is needed to determine its optimal place in therapy and identify patients who will benefit the most.

Highlights from the Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference 2024.

The Respiratory Intensive Care Assembly of the European Respiratory Society gathered in Berlin to organise the third Respiratory Failure and Mechanical Ventilation Conference in February 2024. The conference covered key points of acute and chronic respiratory failure in adults. During the 3-day conference ventilatory strategies, patient selection, diagnostic approaches, treatment and health-related quality of life topics were addressed by a panel of international experts.

Long-Term High-Flow Nasal Therapy in Patients with Bronchiectasis of Different Severity: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

: High-flow nasal therapy (HFNT) has been shown to reduce exacerbations of COPD and some evidence displays benefits in non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) patients. The present study aimed to compare the effectiveness of 12 months of home HFNT on the annual exacerbation rate between mild/moderate and severe NCFB patients, classified by the bronchiectasis severity index (BSI). Secondary outcomes were the evaluation of the dyspnea, pulmonary function, and sputum cultures in both groups.