Static and dynamic pupillary characteristics in multiple sclerosis.

Purpose: To examine the static and dynamic pupillary functions with automated pupillography in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients with preserved visual acuity.

Methods: Forty-seven MS patients with preserved visual acuity were included in the study group and 43 healthy volunteers in the control group. The visual evoked potential of the patients was obtained.

Effects of habitual knuckle cracking on metacarpal cartilage thickness and grip strength.

Joint cracking involves a manipulation of the finger joints resulting in an audible crack. This study aimed to determine whether habitual knuckle cracking (KC) leads to an alteration in grip strength and metacarpal head (MH) cartilage thickness. Thirty-five habitual knuckle crackers (cracking their joints ≥5times/day) (20 M, 15 F, aged 19-27 years) and 35 age-, gender-, and body mass index-matched non-crackers were enrolled in the study.