Massively parallel combination screen reveals small molecule sensitization of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative ESKAPE pathogens.

Antibiotic resistance, especially in multidrug-resistant ESKAPE pathogens, remains a worldwide problem. Combination antimicrobial therapies may be an important strategy to overcome resistance and broaden the spectrum of existing antibiotics. However, this strategy is limited by the ability to efficiently screen large combinatorial chemical spaces.

Drug-Drug Interactions, Effectiveness, and Safety of Hormonal Contraceptives in Women Living with HIV.

Family planning options, including hormonal contraceptives, are essential for improving reproductive health among the more than 17 million women living with HIV worldwide. For these women, prevention of unintended pregnancy decreases maternal and child mortality, as well as reduces the risk of perinatal HIV transmission. Similarly, treatment of HIV with antiretroviral therapy (ART) is essential for reducing morbidity and mortality among HIV-positive individuals, as well as preventing HIV transmission between sexual partners or from mother to child.

Volatile and capsaicinoid composition of ají (Capsicum baccatum) and rocoto (Capsicum pubescens), two Andean species of chile peppers.

Background: Ají (Capsicum baccatum L. var. pendulum) and rocoto (Capsicum pubescens R.

HS-SPME comparative analysis of genotypic diversity in the volatile fraction and aroma-contributing compounds of Capsicum fruits from the annuum-chinense-frutescens complex.

Volatile constituents of ripe fruits of 16 Capsicum accessions from the annuum-chinense-frutescens complex, with different aroma impressions and geographical origins, were isolated by headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and analyzed by gas chromatography-olfactometry-mass spectrometry (GC-sniffing port-MS). More than 300 individual compounds could be detected in the studied genotypes; most of them could be identified by comparing mass spectra and retention times with authentic reference substances or literature data. Esters and terpenoids were the main groups, although other minor compounds, such as nitrogen and sulfur compounds, phenol derivatives, norcarotenoids, lipoxygenase derivatives, carbonyls, alcohols, and other hydrocarbons, were also identified.

Identification of 2,3-epoxymethacrylic acid as an intermediate in the metabolism of dental materials in human liver microsomes.

Objectives: In previous studies it could be demonstrated that methacrylic acid (MA) is an intermediate in the metabolism of unpolymerized dental comonomers, released from dental restorative materials. This study was performed to identify the possible dental material intermediate 2,3-epoxymethacrylic acid (2,3-EMA) from MA in human liver microsomes. Most epoxy compounds are regarded as highly toxic substances.