PA scope of practice reform: History informing the future.

State-level physician associate/assistant (PA) practice regulations have evolved since the profession's inception. The conditions that influence states' adoption of PA regulatory reforms are not fully understood. As some states begin to adopt components of optimal team practice, PAs in other states continue to face significant legal and regulatory practice restrictions.

Gender Minority Physician Assistant/Associate Applicants and Likelihood of Matriculation: A Retrospective Analysis.

Introduction: Gender minorities are undermeasured among physician assistant/associate programs and across the profession. This study describes the 2020 to 2021 Centralized Application Service for Physician Assistants self-identified gender minority applicant pool, examining whether gender minority status is associated with matriculation.

Methods: A retrospective cohort of 2020 to 2021 admission cycle participants (n = 30,123) was described and evaluated for associations between self-identified gender minority status and likelihood of program matriculation using logistic regression.

Evidence that the woman's ovarian cycle is driven by an internal circamonthly timing system.

The ovarian cycle has a well-established circa-monthly rhythm, but the mechanisms involved in its regularity are unknown. Is the rhythmicity driven by an endogenous clock-like timer or by other internal or external processes? Here, using two large epidemiological datasets (26,912 cycles from 2303 European women and 4786 cycles from 721 North American women), analyzed with time series and circular statistics, we find evidence that the rhythmic characteristics of the menstrual cycle are more likely to be explained by an endogenous clock-like driving mechanism than by any other internal or external process. We also show that the menstrual cycle is weakly but significantly influenced by the 29.

Non-native English-speaking applicants and the likelihood of physician assistant program matriculation.

Purpose: Effective communication is critical in patient care. Multilingual medical providers, including Physician Assistants (PAs) can contribute to improved health care among patients with limited English proficiency; however, this is contingent upon matriculating multilingual providers. In this study, the association between prospective applicants' self-reported English as second language (ESL) status and their likelihood of matriculation into a PA program was investigated.

Restoration of serum estradiol and reduced incidence of miscarriage in patients with low serum estradiol during pregnancy: a retrospective cohort study using a multifactorial protocol including DHEA.

Background: Low serum estradiol in early pregnancy is associated with an elevated risk of miscarriage. We sought to determine whether efforts to restore low blood estradiol via estradiol or dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) supplementation would reduce the risk of miscarriage as part of a multifactorial symptom-based treatment protocol.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study included women with low serum estradiol levels in early pregnancy, defined as ≤50% of reference levels by gestational age.