Systematic analysis of biomolecular conformational ensembles with PENSA.

Atomic-level simulations are widely used to study biomolecules and their dynamics. A common goal in such studies is to compare simulations of a molecular system under several conditions-for example, with various mutations or bound ligands-in order to identify differences between the molecular conformations adopted under these conditions. However, the large amount of data produced by simulations of ever larger and more complex systems often renders it difficult to identify the structural features that are relevant to a particular biochemical phenomenon.

Enhancing lesion detection in liver and kidney CT scans via lesion mask selection from two models: A main model and a model focused on small lesions.

Automated segmentation and detection of tumors in CT scans of the liver and kidney have a significant potential in assisting clinicians with cancer diagnosis and treatment planning. However, current approaches, including state-of-the-art deep learning ones, still face many challenges. Many tumors are not detected by these approaches when tested on public datasets for tumor detection and segmentation such as the Kidney Tumor Segmentation Challenge (KiTS) and the Liver tumor segmentation challenge (LiTS).

Comprehensive genome analysis and variant detection at scale using DRAGEN.

Research and medical genomics require comprehensive, scalable methods for the discovery of novel disease targets, evolutionary drivers and genetic markers with clinical significance. This necessitates a framework to identify all types of variants independent of their size or location. Here we present DRAGEN, which uses multigenome mapping with pangenome references, hardware acceleration and machine learning-based variant detection to provide insights into individual genomes, with ~30 min of computation time from raw reads to variant detection.

On your terms or mine: pigs' response to imposed gentle tactile contact vs. free form interaction with a familiar human.

Positive human-animal interactions (HAIs) can be intrinsically rewarding and facilitate positive human-animal relationships. However, HAI paradigms vary across studies, and the influence of different interaction paradigms on the animal's response has been overlooked. We compared the behavioural responses of pigs (n = 28) individually tested with two types of gentle tactile interactions with a familiar human: 'free form (FF)' where the pig could voluntarily approach and interact as they normally would, and 'imposed contact (IC)' where the human imposed tactile contact on the pig according to a standardised protocol.

Transient CAR T cells with specificity to oncofetal glycosaminoglycans in solid tumors.

Glycosaminoglycans are often deprioritized as targets for synthetic immunotherapy due to the complexity of glyco-epitopes and limited options for obtaining specific subtype binding. Solid tumors express proteoglycans that are modified with oncofetal chondroitin sulfate (CS), a modification normally restricted to the placenta. Here, we report the design and functionality of transient chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells with selectivity to oncofetal CS.