[Neuroprotective therapy of glaucoma].

Glaucoma is a chronic multifactorial neurodegenerative disease; the most studied local risk factors for glaucoma progression are elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) and its diurnal fluctuations. However, normalization of IOP does not always guarantee stabilization of the glaucomatous process. This article reviews data from international and Russian studies on the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying the development and progression of glaucomatous optic neuropathy, and discusses current approaches to its therapeutic management.

Countering AI-powered disinformation through national regulation: learning from the case of Ukraine.

Advances in the use of AI have led to the emergence of a greater variety of forms disinformation can take and channels for its proliferation. In this context, the future of legal mechanisms to address AI-powered disinformation remains to be determined. Additional complexity for legislators working in the field arises from the need to harmonize national legal frameworks of democratic states with the need for regulation of potentially dangerous digital content.

The design of the spheroids-based in vitro tumor model determines its biomimetic properties.

Cancer, one of the world's deadliest diseases, is expected to claim an estimated 16 million lives by 2040. Three-dimensional (3D) models of cancer have become invaluable tools for the study of tumor biology and the development of new therapies. The tumor microenvironment (TME) is a determinant of tumor progression and has implications for clinical therapies.

[Neuroprotective therapy for age-related macular degeneration].

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a chronic multifactorial degenerative eye disease and one of the leading causes of irreversible blindness worldwide. Despite extensive research, there is no consensus on the predominant pathological mechanism leading to photoreceptor death. AMD is associated with molecular and cellular disruptions that ultimately result in photoreceptor degeneration.