Publications by authors named "S N Karagiannis"
Hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs) are central regulators of gene expression in response to oxygen deprivation, a common feature in critical illnesses. The significant burden that critical illnesses place on global healthcare systems highlights the need for a deeper understanding of underlying mechanisms and the development of innovative treatment strategies. Among critical illnesses, impaired lung function is frequently linked to hypoxic conditions.
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- The study investigates how different types of senescent cells in the skin contribute to the development of cancer in patients with Familial Melanoma Syndrome (FMS), who have defects in the CDKN2A gene.
- Melanocytes from FMS patients show lower p16 levels and higher DNA damage markers compared to fibroblasts, while patient fibroblasts also exhibit unusual behaviors, such as increased replicative capacity and defective senescence.
- The findings suggest that the combination of DNA damage in melanocytes and impaired senescence in fibroblasts may weaken the immune response and enhance the risk of melanoma in these patients.
Immunotherapies, including checkpoint inhibitor antibodies, have precipitated significant improvements in clinical outcomes for melanoma. However, approximately half of patients do not benefit from approved treatments. Additionally, apart from Tebentafusp, which is approved for the treatment of uveal melanoma, there is a lack of immunotherapies directly focused on melanoma cells.
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- The study reviews the role of glycosylation in human IgE (Immunoglobulin E) and how it affects its structure, function, and relation to diseases, especially allergies.
- It emphasizes that despite inconsistent findings from various studies, there is evidence of different glycosylation patterns in allergic vs. healthy individuals and their functional implications in allergic reactions.
- The review suggests that certain glycosylation changes could lead to potential therapeutic targets and underscores the need for improved research methods to further investigate these effects.
Derived from the myeloid lineage, granulocytes, including basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils, along with mast cells, play important, often disparate, roles across the allergic disease spectrum. While these cells and their mediators are commonly associated with allergic inflammation, they also exhibit several functions either promoting or restricting tumor growth. In this Position Paper we discuss common granulocyte and mast cell features relating to immunomodulatory functions in allergy and in cancer.
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